Paternal use of alcohol heavily is also associated with infertility and long term illness of the child or total damage before birth and also alters the male reproductive chemistry (Devra, 2012). Research has demonstrated that marijuana and tobacco smoking by the father just before conception lower the male’s sperm count or damage the sperm (Devra, 2012). As such, repetitive DNA alterations may be as a result of unhealthy paternal preconception lifestyle. (2012) discovered that cigarette-smoking by a father lead to male-mediated alterations to the future generations in the fetal lymphocytes. Laubenthal, Zlobinskaya, Poterlowicz, Baumgartner, Gdula et. Drugs contain teratogens that cause alteration on the embryo or fetus or lead to birth defects such as low birth weight or serious sickness to the baby after birth. Molecular studies have shown that males who smoke can transmit DNA damage to the babies. (2012) research shows that drugs have a lot of negative implication on the male reproductive system.
Nevertheless, according to Laubenthal et al. Most people believe that drugs only affect women’s reproduction and more specifically during pregnancy. Drugs may cause addiction, depression, stimulation amongst other effects with undesirable long term consequences (Anderson et. However, drugs can be abused and this leads to numerous harmful effects on human beings. It is therefore necessary to note that drugs cause physiological changes in the human body (Anderson, Riffle, Wilson, Travlos, Lubomirski et.al., 2006).
Drugs are substances that are used in disease prevention, treatment and diagnosis.
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